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Design Research Proposal

How can we create a harmonious and peaceful environment for both dog owners and neighbours living in Housing & Development Board (HDB) flats?

By Irene Chong Ai Ling

ABOUT
THE
PROJECT

ABOUT

THE PROBLEM

Target Audience:
Selected HDB Residents 

 UX  Tools:
Interview 

 My Role:
Research and
Decision Making

Our Task is to come out with an ongoing/possible issue faced by the target audiences based on the given subject topics. I have choosen, "Keeping pets in high rise apartments buildings".

SOLUTION

I have researched and discovered certain concerns many HDB Residents may have and have created a proposal in order to better understand and discover what could be done and a deeper insights in regards to emotions and though of the residents. 

TABLE
OF
CONTENT

  • Choosen Topic and Research Question 

  • Justification and rationale for the chosen topic and research question

  • APA citation format for relevant literature materials used.

  •  Research Proposal

  • Consent Form

  • Relevant Screener Questions

  • Criteria in determing a participants'suitability for the interview

  • Interview Question

  • Interview Plan

  • Sample Interview Script 

01

SECTION

Choosen Topic and Research Question 

I have chosen "Keeping pets in high rise apartments buildings" as my research topic.

For my research question, it will be, "How can we create a harmonious and peaceful environment for both dog owners and neighbours living in Housing & Development Board (HDB) flats?"

Justification and rationale for the chosen topic and research question

There has been a steady increase in citizens owning pets in Singapore, as can be seen from the infographic provided by Lam and Tay (2020); it shows a steady rise in the pet population from 2014, 251,600 to 2019, 288,900.

Picture1.png

Figure 1: Pet population growth infographic provided by Fiona Lam and Vivienne Tay

For this research, it would be beneficial to focus on the pets and types of high-rise apartments commonly owned by the majority.

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Through a survey conducted by Hirschmann (2019) in October 2018, dogs were the most popular pets as 58% of respondents were dog owners.

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Figure 2: Graph on the type of pet owners in Singapore by R. Hirschmann

While for the kinds of high-rise infrastructure that many citizens reside in, based on a statistic done by the Singapore Department of Statistics (n.d), 78.7% of the Singapore population live in HDB flats.

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Figure 3: Data on resident households compiled by Singapore Department of Statistics

It is safe to assume that dogs are the most owned pets, and most citizens reside in HDB flats. These would be the focus targets for the research topic.

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Regarding the increase of pets owned, in 2020, more Singaporeans are interested in adopting and fostering pets due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Interviewed by The Straits Times (August 2020), many have expressed how pets, specifically dogs and cats, have helped them adjust better towards their current lifestyles. The sudden decrease in social contact has made many feel isolated. Getting pets, especially cats and dogs, has provided them with a companion and a distraction.

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While researching why citizens would want to own pets, some benefits discovered other than pets being a good companion and distraction have also been proven through an analysis that those who own pets have shown higher physical activity levels and better aspects in mental health. Based on research by the National University of Singapore (2020) in regards to "Association between pet ownership and physical activity levels, atopic conditions, and mental health in Singapore: a propensity score-matched analysis", It has been proven based on a survey participated by 823 citizens that primary pet caregivers have scored higher physical levels and higher scores in different mental health domains compared to non-pet owners. Furthermore, based on a New Straits Times (2021) article also backs up the claim on how pets are beneficial to human health.

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The article has stated that "Pets have helped in coping with work-related stress and anxiety by balancing the oxytocin and cortisol levels, which are the primary stress hormones in our body." It has been proven that simply petting a dog for 5 minutes can even cause an increase in dopamine, also known as the "happy hormones". Also, having a pet helps those with long-term mental health issues to divert their attention away from their constant troubles and worries. Pets provide ontological security.

​

Despite the advantages of owning pets, there are also drawbacks. Through a research study by a German pet insurer called Coya, Singapore came in last among the 50 cities surveyed compared to key canine wellness indicators. Many dog owners in Singapore have expressed their disappointment with Singapore's lack of pet-friendly restaurants and parks. It is also costly to keep a dog in Singapore as it cost around US$20,000. Singapore also has the highest rate of abandoned dogs.

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Figure 3: Data on resident households compiled by Singapore Department of Statistics

Moving dogs into high rise infrastructures such as the HDB flats can also raise problems such as misbehaving dogs with territoriality, noise, and separation anxiety issues. These are mainly due to the lack of training and knowledge considered before or after getting a dog. Moving dogs into HDB flats can bring great disturbance to the neighbourhood since it is a shared and small space owned by many. Like how Sarah Wilson, a dog trainer and author, has mentioned in an article regarding whether dogs can live happily in a high-rise apartment (2012), "The smaller the space, the higher the stakes. "She has also mentioned, "Dogs without training revert to their genetic mandate." Territorial dogs may be aggressive and are prone to bite and injured others. Dogs who are poorly or not trained may even contribute significantly to noise complaints. Based on a website called, DropNoise where they would measure the levels of noise created by noisy neighbours, dogs barking is one of the frequent noisy neighbours' complaints.

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Besides that, there are also issues and dissatisfaction concerning the new regulations that allow bigger dogs to live in HDB flats. An article written by The Online Citizen (2020) has pointed out how many citizens flocked to CNA, Today and Mothership's Facebook page to convey their dissatisfaction due to the new regulation. Many have expressed how the big dogs will contribute to noise pollution. Many are also worried that the bigger dogs would put their safety in jeopardy.

​

After analysing the increase in the pet population, reasons, and benefits from owning pets, drawbacks and issues arising from owning dogs in HDB flats, I would like to discover and seek solutions that can contribute to a more harmonious and peaceful environment for both dog owners and neighbours. I also would like to recognise any issues citizens have regarding dogs owned by their neighbours. Besides that, I would like to understand the struggles dog owners faced as owning dogs in Singapore is expensive, and the dog abandonment rate in Singapore is relatively high. It is crucial to know whether their dogs are adequately trained in order to provide a harmonious and peaceful living environment for all.

APA citation format for relevant literature materials used.

  • Websites
     

Lam, F., & Tay, V. (2020, January). Paws-perous business: The booming pets trade that's also feeding an illicit market. The Business Times. https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/brunch/paws-perous-business-the-booming-pets-trade-thats-also-feeding-an-illicit-market

 

Hirschmann, R. (2019, June). Share of respondents who were pet owners in Singapore as of October 2018, by pet type. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1001965/singapore-pet-ownership-rate-by-pet-type/

 

Muhammad, R., & Tan, S. (2021, June). Pets help improve mental health during MCO. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/letters/2021/06/702779/pets-help-improve-mental-health-during-mco

 

Singapore, C. (2020, August). Singapore is the worst doggone place to be canine: study. Coconuts. https://coconuts.co/singapore/news/singapore-is-the-worst-doggone-place-to-be-canine-study/

 

Khoo, H. (2021, April 10). More people in Singapore interested in adopting or fostering pets during Covid-19 pandemic. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/home-design/more-interested-in-adopting-or-fostering-pets-during-covid-19-pandemic-as-they

 

By Morieka Johnson, MNN.com. (2012, August). Can a dog live happily in a high-rise? CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/03/living/high-rise-living/index.html

 

Netizens express their dissatisfaction to the new regulation that allows for bigger dogs to live in HDB flats. (2020, March). The Online Citizen Asia. https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2020/03/02/netizens-express-their-dissatisfaction-to-the-new-regulation-that-allows-for-bigger-dogs-to-live-in-hdb-flats/

 

Noise Nuisance Control Products, Dropnoise. (2020, December 23). Inconsiderate Noisy Neighbour Singapore | Noise Nuisance. Noise Nuisance Control Products | Dropnoise | All About Handling Noisy Neighbours. https://www.noisyneighboursingapore.com/
 

 

  • Government Publication
     

Department of Statistics Singapore, Households Statistics on resident households are compiled by the Singapore Department of Statistics. (n.d.). https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/households/households/latest-data.

 

  • Scholarly Project

Goh, Y. X., Tan, J. S. Q., Syn, N., Tan, B., Low, J., Foo, Y., Fung, W. K., Hong, B., & Pang, J. X. (2020, November). Association between pet ownership and physical activity levels, atopic conditions, and mental health in Singapore: a propensity score-matched analysis. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345942810_Association_between_pet_ownership_and_physical_activity_levels_atopic_conditions_and_mental_health_in_Singapore_a_propensity_score-matched_analysis.

The Research Proposal is shown below,

Research Project Title: How can we create a harmonious and peaceful environment for both dog owners and neighbours living in Housing & Development Board (HDB) flats?

​

Section 1: Chosen Research Topic and Rationale

This research project aims to investigate any issues citizens have with the dogs residing in their neighbourhood. Also, the struggles dog owners may face while keeping their pets in Housing Development Boards (HDB) Flats. It is crucial to discover opportunities to tackle issues both parties may face. This is necessary to create a harmonious and peaceful living environment for all.

Through research, different concerns were found. For neighbours, issues of noise complaints such as dog barking (DropNoise, n.d) and dissatisfaction regarding the new regulation allowing larger-sized dogs to live in HDB Flats (The Online Citizen, 2020) were discussed about. Besides that, an article regarding whether dogs are able to live happily in high rise buildings (CNN,2012), issues such as misbehaving dogs with territoriality, noise and separation anxiety issues due to lack of training provided may arise which would heavily impact the peaceful environment of HDB Flats.

​

While for dog owners, there has been an increase of dogs being adopted and purchased despite the high cost of upkeep in Singapore which cost around US$20,000 (Coya, 2020). Based on the research study by Coya, Singapore ranked 50 out of 50 in key canine wellness indicator and lacked pet friendly restaurants and parks. Singapore also has the highest dog abandonment rates.

This study research will gather and present accurate findings in regards on the issues and the needs of both dog owners and neighbours residing in HDB Flats. To hear from the residents and the actual problem that may have arisen that disrupts the peaceful environment for both parties. We will then find solutions or ways to better improve both parties' experiences to contribute and encourage a harmonious and peaceful environment for all.

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Section 2: The research method is chosen to conduct this research

We will be using this qualitative methodology to determine the arising issue or concerns both dog owners and their neighbours may face. We will also compare the alternative solutions to determine which are better fit for specific problems or issues. The selected research method will be interviews and field studies.

The selected qualitative methodology is,

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  • Field Studies,

To observe the residents in their natural habitat to further understand the noise complaints or the behaviours and interactions dog owners and neighbours may have when interacting. Various methods of covert observation will be used.

​

  • Interviews,

To understand and explore in-depth the interviewee's perspectives.

For neighbours, their feelings, opinions, behaviours, and preferences in regard to the dogs residing in HDB Flats. Their personal experiences and encounters with dogs or dog owners have disrupted the peaceful environment in HDB Flats.

​

For dog owners, their knowledge, behaviours, attitude, opinions, and feelings in regard to their dog's wellbeing, affordability and issues they may face.

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Due to the time constraints, only one selected area of residence will be included in this study. The chosen area of resident must be the one with a significant number of complaints or visible evidence of disrupted peace between both the neighbours and dog owners.

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Section 3: Target group for your research

The target group for this research will be 30 HDB flats owners. This amount will then be separated into 2 groups. 15 neighbours and 15 dog owners residing in the same residence. Two separated interview will conducted to cater the different group target (Neighbours and Dog owning neighbours) Initiatives to work with the Town Councils and Neighbourhood Police will be done to further understand which region and then specific region that has the most complaints or issues between both dog owners and neighbours.

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The specific characteristics we are looking for are as follows,

  • Must be residing in HDB Flats

  • Must be a local in Singapore (Singaporean or Public Resident)

  • Are either dog owners or neighbours affected by the noises and issues caused by the dog residing in their HDB flats.

  • Must be above the age of 17 years old to participate.

 

A few recruitment methods have been discussed. Posters and flyers will be placed under the selected HDB block's notice boards and lifts. Team members will also be recruited to talked to residents and encourage them to join the interview initiatives.

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Section 4: Schedule and Outcome

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The timeline would be as follows,
 

For Week 1,

  • Covert observation will be commenced. Members will be deployed to the selected residence to observe the behaviour and the environment of the buildings and resident to better understand the surroundings

  • While covert observation is on-going, interviews will also start and be conducted by different members.
     

For Week 2,

  • Since there are 15 interviewees to interview for each team, another week will be given to interview the remaining interviewees. Analysis of data will start on the end of week 2.
     

For Week 3,

  • The remaining interviews to be analysed. The data collected for covert observation will also be analysed within this week.  Members in charge will be task to call interviewees to follow up and answers enquiries of questions they have regarding the data collected from the interview.
     

For Week 4,

  • A report will be done to gather and analyse the findings from the interviews and covert observation.

 

The outcome for this research study will be a qualitative research report that incorporates visual evidence such as video recording, photographs, audio and statements from interviewees and covert observations will be produced.

 

References (APA format)

By Morieka Johnson, MNN.com. (2012, August). Can a dog live happily in a high-rise? CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/03/living/high-rise-living/index.html

 

Netizens express their dissatisfaction to the new regulation that allows for bigger dogs to live in HDB flats. (2020, March). The Online Citizen Asia. https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2020/03/02/netizens-express-their-dissatisfaction-to-the-new-regulation-that-allows-for-bigger-dogs-to-live-in-hdb-flats/

 

Noise Nuisance Control Products, Dropnoise. (2020, December 23). Inconsiderate Noisy

           Neighbour Singapore | Noise Nuisance. Noise Nuisance Control Products | Dropnoise                 

         | All About Handling Noisy Neighbours. https://www.noisyneighboursingapore.com/

The Consent Form is shown as below,

General Information:

The Ministry of National Development (MND) would like to conduct a qualitative research study regarding keeping pets in high-rise apartment buildings.

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Purpose of Study:

To discover problems and opportunities to create a harmonious and peaceful environment for dog owners and neighbours living in Housing & Development Board (HDB) flats. A further investigation will be conducted. You will be interviewed to understand further your stance regarding any issues concern with dogs staying in HDB Flats.

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Procedures:

Your participation in this survey is significantly required. When entering the program, you will be interviewed either regarding issues arise regarding dog living in HDB Flats or issues faced as a dog owner living in the residence. Video recordings will be needed.

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Benefits:

Your insights and feedback will be taken into consideration. Initiative and plans will be created to better cater to your needs and concerns. Besides that, a $25-dollar FairPrice vouchers will be given to participants upon completion.

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Withdrawal / Termination:

If you want to withdraw your consent in the future, don't hesitate to get in touch with the person listed below, who will delete any personal information we have on file for you, such as the recordings and inputs you have given. Otherwise, your personal data will be deleted after two years.

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Confidentiality:

All information gathered is strictly confidential. Your responses are completely anonymous. You are allowed to decline any information to be shown at any time. Data collected will only be viewed by The Ministry of National Development (MND).

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Contact information:

For further enquiries, don't hesitate to contact our email,  mnd_hq@mnd.gov.sg or call, 6222-1211.

 

Voluntary Participation:

All suitable participants are highly encouraged to participate, but participation is voluntary. You have the right to refuse participation/withdrawn whenever necessary.

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Agreement:

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Screenshot (2266).png

Criteria for Determining a Participants' Suitability for the Interview 

As stated in the research proposal, two separate interviews will be conducted to understand better the neighbours and the dog owners living in House Development Boards (HDB) flats. They will be provided with different sets of questions to understand their experiences and needs better.

 

For Neighbours, here are the screener questions,

  • Must be 18 years old and above.

  • Must be residing in HDB flats.

  • Must have dog-owning neighbours residing either in the same block or blocks near their area.

  • Participants must be those with concerns or complaints regarding their dog-owning neighbours.

 

For Dog Owning Residents, here are the requirements,

  • Must be 18 years old and above.

  • Must be residing in HDB flats.

  • Must have owned the dog for at least one month.

  • Either experience any issues regarding,

    • Dog care, training, or upkeep

    • Have received noise complaints

    • A damaged relationship with neighbours due to their dogs

Finalized Screener Questions  

Here are the finalised screener questions based on the criteria mentioned above,

For Neighbours,

  • Are you 18 years old or above?

  • Are you currently residing in HDB Flats?

  • Do you have any dog-owning neighbours either residing near your area or residing in your block?

  • Do you have any concerns or issues regarding your dog-owning neighbours?

 

For Dog Owning Residents,

  • Are you 18 years old and above?

  • Are you currently residing in HDB Flats?

  • Have you owned your pet dog for at least one month?

  • Do you have any concerns or any complaints from neighbours due to your pet dog?

Interview Question 

For Neighbours,

Here are some questions to understand the neighbour's perspective based on how they feel that the neighbourhood's environment has changed due to the issues regarding their neighbour's pet dog.

Context-building and main interview questions are shown below,​

For dog-owning residents,

Here are some questions asked to better understand dog-owning residents' backgrounds and the types of dogs they own.

Interview Plan

A semi-structured interview will be used for this interview.

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Sixteen members will then be separated into two groups and in charge of either the neighbour's interviews or the dog owners residing in the area's interviews. This is to be done to prevent biasness if the team members were to interview both parties. Interviews will be conducted alternatively within 2 weeks.

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Nearby locations such as Community Centres or Kindergartens near the residents' HDB Flats will be used as an area to conduct interviews. If not, interviews will be commenced and conducted in the participants' homes. If this were to happen interview session will be extended appropriately.

Interviewees should be briefed one month before, and interviewee's availability must have been confirmed one month before the interview.

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Here is the task for groups to be performed for the interview (1 group per team) is shown below,

Sample Interview Script 

Sample interview scripts for each interview are shown below,

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For Neighbours,

For Dog Owners

02

SECTION

03

SECTION

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